School librarians rated Robust Infrastructure significantly lower than both teachers and administrators¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r1 · q3
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? The Robust Infrastructure construct showed significant librarian–teacher (p = .010) and librarian–administrator (p = .033) differences, with librarians rating themselves lowest (M = 2.04); the administrator–teacher comparison was not significant (p = .940). → Felicia Warden · Andrew A. Tawfik 2026

Evidence¶

Felicia Warden · Andrew A. Tawfik 2026¶

Felicia Warden · Andrew A. Tawfik. (2026). Comparing perceptions of the school librarian using the future ready school—librarian framework. Education Tech Research Dev. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-026-10670-7

q3 · i? · associational · r1

In the survey (N = 186), the Robust Infrastructure omnibus test reached significance (p = .007); "a statistical significance between the school librarian and teacher roles (p =.010), and between the administrator and school librarian roles (p =.033)". Librarians' mean was 2.04 versus teachers' 2.57.

"post-hoc testing via pair-wise analysis and Tukey HSD identified a statistical significance between the school librarian and teacher roles (p =.010), and between the administrator and school librarian roles (p =.033) on the construct of Robust Infrastructure"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• School librarians rated Budget and Resources significantly lower than teachers (p = .019) — related
• Teachers rated Personalized Professional Learning significantly higher than school librarians (p = .031) — related
• Teachers rated Use of Space and Time significantly higher than school librarians (p < .001), with no significant administrator–teacher or administrator–librarian differences — related