Among 245 Indonesian undergraduates, majorities reported concern about reduced critical thinking when depending on AI (75%), excessive reliance (73%), misinformation (70%) and unintentional plagiarism (69%), and 40% about algorithmic bias¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · reviewr2·q2
Currency · newest study 2024 · checked against its sources 2026-10-20 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
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q2 i? In Malik et al.'s case study of 245 undergraduate students across 25 tertiary institutions, students reported concerns about critical thinking reduction (75%), excessive reliance (73%), misinformation (70%), unintentional plagiarism (69%) and algorithmic bias (40%). → Chunpeng Zhai 2024
Evidence¶
Chunpeng Zhai 2024¶
Chunpeng Zhai, Santoso Wibowo and Lily D. Li. (2024). The effects of over-reliance on AI dialogue systems on students' cognitive abilities: a systematic review. Smart Learning Environments. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-024-00316-7
q2 · i? · review · r2
Case study reported within the review: Malik et al. enlisted 245 undergraduate students from 25 tertiary institutions across Eastern and Central Indonesian provinces in a study of AI integration in academic essay writing. The study also found AI had "a positive influence on students' writing skills, self-confidence, and their grasp of academic integrity principles". Percentages are as printed; no effect sizes reported.
"The study reports the potential reduction in critical thinking skills when depending on AI (75%), the risk of excessive reliance on technology (73%), and the prevalence of misinformation and inaccuracies (70%). Furthermore, there is substantial apprehension regarding the ethical implications of unintentional plagiarism (69%) and algorithmic biases (40%)."
Discussion¶
Learner Variables¶
- Critical Thinking — outcome: instruction changes it
Related Claims¶
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Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
malik-student-perceptions-ai-writing-percentages |
title |
Among 245 Indonesian undergraduates, majorities reported concern about reduced critical thinking when depending on AI (75%), excessive reliance (73%), misinformation (70%) and unintentional plagiarism (69%), and 40% about algorithmic bias |
description |
Among 245 Indonesian undergraduates, majorities reported concern about reduced critical thinking when depending on AI (75%), excessive reliance (73%), misinformation (70%) and unintentional plagiarism (69%), and 40% about algorithmic bias |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2024 |
source_checked |
2026-10-20 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-15 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — chunpeng-zhai-2024 |
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