Assessment commonly relied on reflective practice and multi-source feedback, with organizational competencies infrequently assessed¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · review r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? MLM assessment commonly used reflective writing, portfolios, and multi-source (360-degree) feedback, but assessment of organizational-level competencies was infrequently described. → Alhadithi Ahmed 2025

Evidence¶

Alhadithi Ahmed 2025¶

Alhadithi Ahmed, Almansour Mohammed. (2025). Leadership and management competency frameworks in undergraduate medical education: a scoping review. BMC Medical Education. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-08489-6

q2 · i? · review · r2

Synthesis of assessment methods across included publications. The review notes a "persistent gap" in standardized assessment strategies for MLM competencies, particularly organizational domains.

"Many programs relied on reflective writing and multi-source feedback to evaluate intrapersonal and interpersonal domains; however, the assessment of organizational-level competencies, such as systems leadership, financial decision-making, or strategic planning, was infrequently described."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Intrapersonal and interpersonal competencies are widely represented across curricula whereas organizational-level competencies appear in relatively few studies — related
• Student choice is rare in authentic assessment designs while assigned, sometimes graded, self-reflection is more common — related