Model answers combined with self-assessment instructions interactively improve monitoring-based regulation accuracy, with two model answers most effective¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr2·q3
Currency · newest study 2024 · checked against its sources 2026-10-23 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? The largest pairwise difference was between no model answers/no instructions and two model answers with instructions (estimated mean difference = -0.15, p = .02); with instructions, two model answers beat one (p = .04). → Hepner 2024
Evidence¶
Hepner 2024¶
Hepner, S. L., Oudman, S., Carlson, T. E., van de Pol, J., & van Gog, T. (2024). Improving (meta)comprehension: Feedback and self-assessment. Learning and Instruction, 92, 101922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.101922
q3 · i? · causal · r2
Tukey-adjusted pairwise comparisons (emmeans, Kenward-Roger df) on monitoring-based regulation accuracy; the printed "estimated mean difference = -0.15" contrasts are reported descriptively with t and p values, no effect size.
"The greatest difference in monitoring-based regulation accuracy was between those with no model answers and no self-assessment instructions compared to those with two model answers and self-assessment instructions (estimated mean difference = -0.15, t (252) = 3.25, p = .02), while those who had access to self-assessment instructions also did significantly better when they had two model answers instead of one (estimated mean difference = -0.15, t (252) = 2.92, p = .04)."
Discussion¶
Learner Variables¶
- Metacognition — outcome: instruction changes it
- Self-Regulation — outcome: instruction changes it
Related Claims¶
- Model answers improve both monitoring-based and comprehension-based regulation accuracy — related
- Self Assessment Accuracy Is Low Without Training — related
- Receiving two model answer diagrams improves secondary students' delayed-diagramming text comprehension relative to no model answers — related
- Model answers and self-assessment instructions do not improve monitoring accuracy after delayed diagramming — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
model-answers-self-assessment-interaction-regulation |
title |
Model answers combined with self-assessment instructions interactively improve monitoring-based regulation accuracy, with two model answers most effective |
description |
Model answers combined with self-assessment instructions interactively improve monitoring-based regulation accuracy, with two model answers most effective |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2024 |
source_checked |
2026-10-23 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-23 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — hepner-2024 |
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