Behavioral patterns evolve over time: Construction dominates learners' first models while Exploration becomes more frequent in later models¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? In learners' first models, Construction (Type 2) was the most common behavior (190 of 297 learners), with Exploration (Type 3) rare (19 learners); Exploration increased in frequency in later models. → Sungeun An 2025

Evidence¶

Sungeun An 2025¶

Sungeun An, Jennifer Hammock, Ashok Goel. (2025). How Online Learners Engage in Self-Directed Modeling: A Behavioral Analysis. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-025-00506-5

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Chronological analysis of 789 models sorted by creation time, computing the proportion of the three behavior types at each model position (Fig. 7). The article reports "190 out of 297 learners exhibited Type 2 behavior" in Model 1 and states the Exploration pattern increased in frequency in later models.

"in Model 1, 190 out of 297 learners exhibited Type 2 behavior, followed by 77 learners showing Type 1 behavior, and 19 learners displaying Type 3 behavior"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Self-directed online learners' modeling behaviors cluster into three patterns—Observation, Construction, and Exploration—differing in engagement level — related
• Observation behavior is predominantly associated with copied rather than original models, while Construction and Exploration draw more on original models — related
• Markov chain analysis yields nine finer-grained behavioral clusters that map predominantly onto the three broader behavior types — related