The adult-like retrieval bias for multiplication over addition on strategy selection is significant only in fourth grade, with retrieval used as frequently for both operations in second and sixth grade¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associationalr1·q3
Currency · newest study 2008 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? Percentages of retrieval use were larger on multiplication than on addition problems in fourth grade, F(1, 57) = 11.1, but did not differ across operations in second or sixth grade. → Ineke Imbo · André Vandierendonck 2008
Evidence¶
Ineke Imbo · André Vandierendonck 2008¶
Ineke Imbo · André Vandierendonck. (2008). Effects of problem size, operation, and working-memory span on simple-arithmetic strategies: differences between children and adults? Psychological Research (2008) 72:331–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-007-0112-8
q3 · i? · associational · r1
The grade × operation interaction on retrieval use, F(2, 57) = 5.1, showed a significant increase in retrieval use for multiplication between second and fourth grade, F(1, 57) = 6.1, and for addition between fourth and sixth grade, F(1, 57) = 8.6; only fourth graders showed the multiplication bias.
"In the fourth grade, however, percentages retrieval use were larger on multiplication problems than on addition prob- lems, F(1, 57) = 11.1."
Discussion¶
Learner Variables¶
- Operations and Place Value — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes
Related Claims¶
- Retrieval is faster and procedural execution more efficient on addition than on multiplication problems, and these operation effects persist across the primary school years — related
- Both a predominantly computational-strategy task and a retrieval-expected task show most support for the computational efficiency model of multiplication difficulty. — related
- Retrieval use increases with grade, and the small-versus-large difference in retrieval use decreases significantly between fourth and sixth grade only — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
multiplication-retrieval-bias-fourth-grade-only |
title |
The adult-like retrieval bias for multiplication over addition on strategy selection is significant only in fourth grade, with retrieval used as frequently for both operations in second and sixth grade |
description |
The adult-like retrieval bias for multiplication over addition on strategy selection is significant only in fourth grade, with retrieval used as frequently for both operations in second and sixth grade |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2008 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-17 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — ineke-imbo-andré-vandierendonck-2008 |
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