Fourth graders with disabilities scored 40 points lower in reading and 28 points lower in mathematics than peers without disabilities on the 2022 NAEP¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · qualitative r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person · recheck by 2030: baselines and conditions change

Subclaims¶

Reading the evidence codes

q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.

This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.

q2 i? In 2022, fourth graders with disabilities scored 40 points lower in reading and 28 points lower in mathematics on NAEP than peers without disabilities, gaps equal to or greater than those seen in 1998. → Arnold 2025

Evidence¶

Arnold 2025¶

Arnold, J., Hayes, S., & Zagata, E. (2025). Leading inclusive, coherent, and effective assessment systems: Closing opportunity and outcome gaps for students with disabilities. WestEd. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED673562

q2 · i? · qualitative · r2

The brief reports national NAEP statistics for 2022, stating that fourth graders with disabilities scored "40 points lower in reading and 28 points lower in mathematics than their peers without disabilities." Table 1 shows grade 4 reading scores from 1998 to 2022, with the 2022 gap (183 vs. 223) comparable to 1998 (176 vs. 217).

"In 2022, fourth graders with disabilities scored 40 points lower in reading and 28 points lower in mathematics than their peers without disabilities on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)"

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

Learning Disabilities and Developmental Differences — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes

Students with disabilities attained postsecondary readiness and success outcomes at about one half to one third the rate of students without disabilities, the largest difference between any student group and its counterpart — the general claim this finding bears on, with the studies behind it
On 2022 NAEP 8th- and 12th-grade reading and math exams, students who were both English learners and from low-income backgrounds scored lowest among four student groups, with less than one third scoring basic or above in reading and less than one quarter in math — related

Page metadata

Field	Value
`type`	`claim`
`id`	`naep-2022-disability-gap-40-reading-28-math`
`title`	`Fourth graders with disabilities scored 40 points lower in reading and 28 points lower in mathematics than peers without disabilities on the 2022 NAEP`
`description`	`Fourth graders with disabilities scored 40 points lower in reading and 28 points lower in mathematics than peers without disabilities on the 2022 NAEP`
`status`	`review`
`evidence_strength`	`moderate`
`newest_evidence`	`2025`
`recheck_by`	`2030`
`generated`	by `process:wiki-ingest` on `2026-10-10`
`trust`	unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content
`sources`	1 — `arnold-2025`

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