No association found between 2021/22 school climate scores and the amount of virtual and hybrid instruction in 2020/21¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r1 · q2
Currency · newest study 2023 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? School climate scores in 2021/22 were not associated with the amount of virtual and hybrid instruction used in 2020/21, though only a large association could be ruled out. → Whitney Kozakowski 2023

Evidence¶

Whitney Kozakowski 2023¶

Whitney Kozakowski, Katlyn Lee Milless, Sonia Alves, Michelle Bennett. (2023). Changes in School Climate During COVID-19 in a Sample of Pennsylvania Schools. REL 2023-003, U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences. https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/edlabs

q2 · i? · associational · r1

Secondary analysis relating 2021/22 climate scores to the amount of virtual and hybrid instruction in 2020/21; the study "found no association". No effect size is printed.

"The study also examined the relationship between school climate scores in 2021/22 and the amount of virtual and hybrid instruction used during 2020/21 and found no association."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Safety — outcome: instruction changes it

Related Claims¶

• Students and teachers reported more positive school climate perceptions in 2020/21 during hybrid and remote learning than in 2018/19 and 2021/22 — related
• No evidence of a significant decline in school climate scores between 2018/19 and 2021/22 in the Pennsylvania sample — related
• Students reported stronger relationships with teachers and peers during the remote/hybrid year, especially high school students, but these gains did not persist after returning in person — related