Claims

Lab and textbook instruction groups did not differ significantly on the free-body diagram near-transfer task performed during fMRI

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r1 · q3
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims

Reading the evidence codes

q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.

This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.

q3 i? A two-sample t-test found no significant difference in FBD task accuracy between the lab group (mean 63.21%) and textbook group (mean 68.12%). → Cetron 2026

Evidence

Cetron 2026

Cetron, J.S., Hillis, M.E., Diamond, S.G., May, V.V. & Kraemer, D.J.M. (2026). Neural patterns reflect conceptual grasp of novice students following first class learning in physics. npj Science of Learning. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00394-3

q3 · i? · causal · r1

Behavioral results from the fMRI near-transfer task: each of 50 participants made 12 binary judgments per run across 8 runs, judging whether free-body diagrams correctly labeled forces. Grand means were 63.21% (lab) and 68.12% (textbook). The printed t-test is the only statistic; no effect size is reported.

"A two-sample t-test revealed that there was no significant difference in how well the lab and textbook groups performed on the FBD task (t = -1.57, df = 45.63, p = 0.12)."

Discussion

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