Non-learners show higher state anxiety than learners, but trait anxiety does not differ between groups¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · associational r1 · q2 · i2 medium
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i2 Non-learners, compared to learners, had significantly higher combined state anxiety scores (group main effect ηp² = 0.10). → Marino 2025 q2 i? No significant differences in trait anxiety scores were found between learners and non-learners. → Marino 2025 (2)

Evidence¶

Marino 2025¶

Marino, C. E., Rjabtsenkov, P., Sharp, C., Ali, Z., Pineda, E., Bavdekar, S. Y., Garg, T., Jordan, K., Halvorsen, M., Aponte, C., Blue, J., Zhu, X. & Suarez-Jimenez, B. (2025). Using virtual reality to study spatial mapping and threat learning. npj Science of Learning 10:14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00305-6

q2 · i2 · associational · r1

Pre/post STAI Form Y-1 state anxiety was compared with a 2 × 2 × 3 ANOVA (time, group, reinforcement rate) in the 70-participant VR study. Significant main effects of group (ηp² = 0.10) and time (ηp² = 0.14) were found; "non-learners, compared to learners, had significantly higher combined state anxiety scores".

"We found that non-learners, compared to learners, had significantly higher combined state anxiety scores (p =2×1 0 -4, 95%CI[3.165, 10.105])."

Marino 2025 (2)¶

Marino, C. E., Rjabtsenkov, P., Sharp, C., Ali, Z., Pineda, E., Bavdekar, S. Y., Garg, T., Jordan, K., Halvorsen, M., Aponte, C., Blue, J., Zhu, X. & Suarez-Jimenez, B. (2025). Using virtual reality to study spatial mapping and threat learning. npj Science of Learning 10:14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00305-6

q2 · i? · associational · r1

Trait anxiety (STAI Y-2) was compared between groups with a 2 × 3 ANOVA in the same sample; scores ranged from 21.00 to 60.00 with mean = 36.39 and SD = 9.13, and "we found no significant differences in trait anxiety scores". No effect size was printed.

"However, we found no significant differences in trait anxiety scores. The trait anxiety scores ranged from 21.00 to 60.00, with a mean = 36.39 and SD = 9.13."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Affect Regulation — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes

Related Claims¶

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• Low- and high-proficiency EFL learners differ significantly in self-efficacy, intrinsic goal orientation, and test anxiety — related
• Production paradigms elicit higher state math anxiety than decision paradigms, particularly for individuals with high trait math anxiety — related