Non-responder subgroups showed heterogeneous longitudinal trajectories despite similar short-term regression, including inverse trends in Non-Responder Subgroup 3¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r1 · q2
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Non-Responder Subgroup 1 regressed across nearly all measures at both T1 and T2, while Non-Responder Subgroup 3 showed inverse trends: reading and spelling improved at T2 (WR = 9; WS = 7.5) while pseudoword decoding and reading comprehension regressed (PD = -5; RC = -9.5). → Tan 2026

Evidence¶

Tan 2026¶

Tan, A.S.-C., & Ali, F. (2026). Uncovering subgroup heterogeneity in dyslexia intervention outcomes using explainable machine learning. npj Science of Learning. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-026-00429-3

q2 · i? · associational · r1

Descriptive longitudinal trajectories for non-responder subgroups tested at T2. NRSG1 regressed across all measures and time points except reading comprehension at T1; NRSG2 improved on most measures at T2 (WR = 3; WS = 1; PD = 16.67) except reading comprehension (RC = -2.67).

"Reading and spelling measures (WR = 9; WS = 7.5) showed an improvement while pseudoword decoding and reading comprehension (PD = -5; RC =-9.5) regressed over the long-term."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Decoding — outcome: instruction changes it

Related Claims¶

• Responder Subgroup 1 improved across all measures during intervention and maintained gains long-term except reading comprehension, which regressed — related
• Subgroup membership predicted distinct long-term literacy trajectories 68.2 months after intervention ended — a broader claim this one bears on