Kindergarteners perform significantly better in nonsymbolic than symbolic single-digit addition problem formats¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr2·q3·i3large
Currency · newest study 2015 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i3 Addition performance showed a significant main effect of stimulus type, with nonsymbolic conditions outperforming symbolic ones. → Xenidou-Dervou 2014
Evidence¶
Xenidou-Dervou 2014¶
Xenidou-Dervou, I., van der Schoot, M., & van Lieshout, E. C. D. M. (2015). Working memory and number line representations in single-digit addition: Approximate versus exact, nonsymbolic versus symbolic. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 68(6), 1148–1167. doi:10.1080/17470218.2014.977303
q3 · i3 · causal · r2
A 2 x 2 repeated measures ANOVA with 103 kindergarteners (Mage = 5.98) compared four addition formats. The stimulus-type main effect was significant, "F(1, 102) = 20.30, p <.001, partial η2 = .17"; nonsymbolic M = 59.93% vs symbolic M = 49.55%.
"Results showed a significant main effect for stimulus type, F(1, 102) = 20.30, p <.001, partial η2 = .17, on addition performance."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Characteristic distance effects occur in both nonsymbolic and symbolic single-digit approximate addition — related
- Kindergarteners' performance does not differ between approximate and exact single-digit addition formats, and the two dimensions do not interact — related
- More accurate symbolic number line representations relate to better performance in exact, but not approximate, addition formats — related
- Symbolic approximate addition is predicted by nonsymbolic number line estimation, the VSSP and the CE, consistent with transcoding to the nonsymbolic code — related
- Nonsymbolic exact addition is predicted by the VSSP plus the CE and symbolic number line estimation, suggesting an alternate transcoding to the symbolic code — related
- Symbolic exact addition is predicted by symbolic number line representation and the phonological loop, reflecting phonological storage of numerical information — related
- Children succeed at non-symbolic approximate addition above chance with a ratio effect, without relying on non-numerical strategies — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
nonsymbolic-easier-than-symbolic-single-digit-addition |
title |
Kindergarteners perform significantly better in nonsymbolic than symbolic single-digit addition problem formats |
description |
Kindergarteners perform significantly better in nonsymbolic than symbolic single-digit addition problem formats |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2015 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-17 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — xenidou-dervou-2014 |
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