Observational learning devotes a significantly lower percentage of learning activity to elaborative processing than the other three approaches¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2012 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Learners in the observational learning environment spent a significantly smaller share of their utterances on elaborative processes than learners in the inquiry, self-explanation-based, and hypermedia environments. → Tessa H. S. Eysink & Ton de Jong 2012

Evidence¶

Tessa H. S. Eysink & Ton de Jong 2012¶

Tessa H. S. Eysink & Ton de Jong (2012). Does Instructional Approach Matter? How Elaboration Plays a Crucial Role in Multimedia Learning. Journal of the Learning Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508406.2011.611776

q3 · i? · causal · r2

Percentage analysis of coded think-aloud utterances from the 40-participant experiment: observational learners' share of elaborative processing was significantly below all three other environments, with the printed Z and p values for each pairwise comparison.

"learners in the observational learning environment devoted significantly fewer of their learning activities to elaborative processes than those in all three other environments (Z = –3.78, p < .001, for inquiry learning; Z = –3.63, p < .001, for self-explanation-based learning; and Z = –2.80, p < .008, for hypermedia learning)."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Self-explanation-based and inquiry learning elicit more elaborative processes than hypermedia and observational learning, fully for hypothesis testing and integrating and partly for giving explanations — related
• Self-explanation-based and inquiry learning environments elicit significantly more total learning-process instances than hypermedia and observational learning environments — related
• Hypermedia learners show the lowest total engagement in learning processes, devoting most processing to superficial activities — reports the opposite
• The self-explanation-based environment elicits the most (self-)explanations and the inquiry environment elicits high hypothesis generation — related
• Generative instructional conditions (inquiry and explanation) outperformed receptive conditions on far transfer, with inquiry best on far transfer problems — related