Racial/ethnic disparities observed among older students are largely already in place among kindergartners¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2020 · checked against its sources 2026-10-17 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person · overdue for a recheck since 2025: baselines and conditions change

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Disparities observed among older students are largely in place among kindergartners, suggesting origins before schooling. → Megan Kuhfeld 2020

Evidence¶

Megan Kuhfeld 2020¶

Megan Kuhfeld, Dennis Condron, Doug Downey. (2020). When does inequality grow? A seasonal analysis of racial/ethnic disparities in learning from kindergarten through eighth grade. Educational Researcher. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X20977854

q3 · i? · associational · r2

Cross-grade comparison of racial/ethnic achievement gaps in the K-8 test-score dataset. The abstract reports that "disparities observed among older students are largely in place among kindergartners." No effect size is printed in the available text.

"we find that disparities observed among older students are largely in place among kindergartners"

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Age and Developmental Stage — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes
• Race and Ethnicity — predictor: outcomes differ by group: a gap reflecting circumstances and treatment, not a cause

Related Claims¶

• Schools play less of a role in widening racial/ethnic achievement gaps than children's prekindergarten environments — related
• The study frames schooling as a candidate explanation for the development of racial and ethnic inequalities in academic skills — related
• A seasonal analysis of roughly 2 million students examines racial/ethnic disparities in learning from kindergarten through eighth grade — related
• The seasonal analysis of racial/ethnic disparities spans kindergarten through eighth grade — related