Children are considerably more overconfident about incorrect answers to true-false questions than about incorrect answers to open-ended questions¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · causal r1–r2 · q3 · i2–i3
Currency · newest study 2020 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i2 CJs for incorrect answers to detail open-ended questions were substantially lower than CJs for incorrect answers to true-false questions (d = .70). → Steiner 2020 q3 i3 CJs for incorrect answers to causal open-ended questions were also substantially lower than for true-false questions (d = .88). → Steiner 2020 (2)

Evidence¶

Steiner 2020¶

Steiner, M., van Loon, M. H., Bayard, N. S., & Roebers, C. M. (2020). Development of Children's monitoring and control when learning from texts: effects of age and test format. Metacognition and Learning, 15, 3–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-019-09208-5

q3 · i2 · causal · r2

Exploratory comparison of CJs for incorrect answers across question types, collapsed across grade and measurement point (Table 4). Confidence in incorrect detail open-ended answers was much lower than in incorrect true-false answers (d = .70).

"The comparison between CJs for incorrect responses for detail open-ended questions and true-false questions was more pronounced, as indicated by the large effect size, t (289) = −11.94, p < .001, Cohen 's d = .70"

Steiner 2020 (2)¶

Steiner, M., van Loon, M. H., Bayard, N. S., & Roebers, C. M. (2020). Development of Children's monitoring and control when learning from texts: effects of age and test format. Metacognition and Learning, 15, 3–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-019-09208-5

q3 · i3 · causal · r1

Exploratory comparison of CJs for incorrect answers (Table 4). Confidence in incorrect causal open-ended answers was much lower than in incorrect true-false answers (d = .88); detail vs. causal open-ended CJs differed only slightly (d = .16).

"a comparison between CJs for incorrect answers to causal open-ended questions and true-false questions also showed a large effect size, t (291) = −14.35, p < .001, Cohen's d = .88"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Elementary school children monitor and control their answers to open-ended text comprehension questions more accurately than answers to true-false questions — related
• Fourth graders monitor and control answers to open-ended questions more accurately than second graders, but no significant age difference was found for true-false questions — related
• Children of both age groups improved monitoring and control accuracy from T1 to T2 for both test formats, mainly for incorrect rather than correct answers — related
• Children's text comprehension test performance improved from T1 to T2, driven mainly by second graders, with fewer omission errors over time — related