Both mothers' and fathers' tested math skills significantly predict children's arithmetic fluency in Grade 1, and fathers' skills remain a significant predictor of Grade 2 arithmetic fluency¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Mothers' and fathers' math skills significantly predicted children's Grade 1 arithmetic skills, and fathers' skills (but not mothers') remained a significant predictor of Grade 2 arithmetic fluency. → Torppa 2025 q2 i? Mothers' and fathers' math skills predicted 17% of children's Grade 1 and 14% of their Grade 2 skills, a stronger association than in studies using parental self-reports (1–4%). → Torppa 2025

Evidence¶

Torppa 2025¶

Torppa, M., Psyridou, M., Khanolainen, D., Koponen, T., & Salminen, J. (2025). Role of home math environment in the intergenerational transmission of math skills. Learning and Instruction, 97, Article 102080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2025.102080

q3 · i? · associational · r2

Structural equation model (Model 1G) on the Finnish VUOKKO longitudinal sample (N = 402) with latent factors of parental tested skills predicting children's Grade 1 and 2 arithmetic fluency; the model "fit the data well" (χ2(29) = 34.11, p = .24, RMSEA = .02, CFI = 1).

"suggested that both mothers’ and fathers’ math skills significantly pre- dicted children’s arithmetic skills in Grade 1. Grade 2 arithmetic skill variance was strongly predicted by Grade 1 arithmetic skills, suggesting high stability in the skills. However, fathers’ math skills (but not mothers’) remained a significant predictor of Grade 2 arithmetic fluency"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Higher levels of maternal help, press for intellectual development, and monitoring are associated with poorer children's arithmetic skills — related