Claims

Participants' perceived text difficulty does not differ by picture, word frequency, or education level

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2023 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims

Reading the evidence codes

q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.

This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.

q3 i? Ratings of text ease/difficulty showed no main effects or interactions of Picture, Frequency, or Group. → Miriam Rivero-Contreras 2023

Evidence

Miriam Rivero-Contreras 2023

Miriam Rivero-Contreras, Paul E. Engelhardt, David Saldaña. (2023). Do easy-to-read adaptations really facilitate sentence processing for adults with a lower level of education? An experimental eye-tracking study. Learning and Instruction 84 (2023) 101731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2022.101731

q3 · i? · causal · r2

A 2×2×2 mixed ANOVA on perceived difficulty ratings (overall M = 2.43, SD = 0.79) found no significant effects; only p-values are reported, no effect size. "There were no main effects or interactions of Picture, Frequency, or Group."

"There were no main effects or interactions of Picture, Frequency, or Group (all p's > 0.05; see supplementary Table s4 for the full ANOVA)."

Discussion

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Page metadata
Field Value
type claim
id perceived-text-difficulty-no-adaptation-effects
title Participants' perceived text difficulty does not differ by picture, word frequency, or education level
description Participants' perceived text difficulty does not differ by picture, word frequency, or education level
status review
evidence_strength weak
newest_evidence 2023
generated by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-22
trust unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content
sources 1 — miriam-rivero-contreras-2023

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