The two included studies on HOT both reported positive effects of P(j)BL on higher-order thinking¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr1·q2
Currency · newest study 2023 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q2 i? In the included PjBL study, HOT increased for the PjBL group but not for the control group across measurements. → Sofie M. M. Loyens 2023
Evidence¶
Sofie M. M. Loyens 2023¶
Sofie M. M. Loyens, Julianne E. van Meerten, Lydia Schaap, Lisette Wijnia. (2023). Situating Higher-Order, Critical, and Critical-Analytic Thinking in Problem- and Project-Based Learning Environments: A Systematic Review. Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09757-x
q2 · i? · causal · r1
Independent-groups pre-post study (Sasson et al., 2018), n = 38 PjBL vs 27 control, summarized in the review's Table 4 on HOT; the review reports only the significance pattern, no effect size.
"HOT increased for the PjBL group but not for the control group from Measurement 1 (beginning 9th grade) to 3 (end of 10th grade; dependent t-tests)"
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Effects of P(j)BL on CT are mixed across studies, with positive, null, and negative findings reported — related
- The review identifies design issues in P(j)BL effect studies, such as lack of control groups, that question reported outcomes — related
- Students reported significant perceived gains in abstract and critical thinking, with other higher-order thinking effects ambiguous — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
pjbl-hot-two-positive-studies |
title |
The two included studies on HOT both reported positive effects of P(j)BL on higher-order thinking |
description |
The two included studies on HOT both reported positive effects of P(j)BL on higher-order thinking |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
weak |
newest_evidence |
2023 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-20 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — sofie-m-m-loyens-2023 |
Frontmatter is the page's machine-readable record — see the Schema & Guide.