Positive reinforcement and praise correlate positively with learning while criticism correlates negatively¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · theoretical r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 1985 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Evidence quality · No study behind this claim is a peer-reviewed article with a DOI: it rests on an ERIC document (a report, conference paper or thesis). It is kept because 2 design pages cite it; treat it as a lead to check, not an established finding.

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Research by Rosenshine and Furst found that positive reinforcement and appropriate praise were positively correlated to learning, and criticism was negatively correlated to learning. → Knight 1985

Evidence¶

Knight 1985¶

Knight, James A. (1985). Building a Positive School Climate. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Midwestern Educational Research Association, Chicago, IL. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED265663

q2 · i? · theoretical · r2

The paper cites Rosenshine and Furst's research on teacher performance criteria, reporting that praise and positive reinforcement correlate positively with learning and criticism negatively. No correlation coefficients are printed.

"Research done by Rosenshine and Furst found that positive reinforcement and appropriate praise were positively correlated to learning. They also found that criticism was negatively correlated to learning."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Planned contingency-of-reinforcement designs can raise academic achievement above normal classroom levels across a wide range of children — the general claim this finding bears on, with the studies behind it

• Expected tangible rewards reduce later free-choice engagement with a rewarded task, while verbal praise does not — the general claim this finding bears on, with the studies behind it

• Professor-student relationship quality correlates with multiple civic engagement outcomes in both directions — related
• Most praise functions as a verbal reward, creating dependence on others' approval rather than self-generated criteria — reports the opposite