The experimental and control groups were equivalent on all four environmental literacy dimensions at pre-test¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr1·q3
Currency · newest study 2016 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? Independent samples t-tests showed no statistically significant pre-test differences between control and experimental groups on environmental knowledge, attitudes, uses, or concern. → Derman et al. 2016
Evidence¶
Derman et al. 2016¶
Aysegul Derman, Elvan Sahin, Esme Hacieminoglu. (2016). Does Outdoor Education Make any Difference in Environmental Literacy of Pre-service Classroom Teachers? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL & SCIENCE EDUCATION, 11(15), 8491-8506. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
q3 · i? · causal · r1
Independent samples t-tests on pre-test Environmental Literacy Scale scores (Table 4; e.g., attitudes p=.492, uses p=.120, concern p=.165, knowledge p=.690), establishing baseline equivalence of the randomly selected groups. No effect sizes are printed.
"Results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between pre -test scores of control and experimental groups with respect to environmental knowledge, environmental attitudes, environmental uses, and environmental concern."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- An outdoor education program produced higher post-test environmental attitudes, uses and concern than traditional lecturing among pre-service classroom teachers — a broader claim this one bears on
- Within the experimental group, pre-post gains were significant only for attitudes and uses, while the control group showed no significant change on any dimension — related
- The experimental group's pretest-to-post-test attitude gain was significantly larger than the control group's, but the behavior dimension showed no significant difference — related
- Post-test environmental attitudes did not differ significantly between experimental and control groups in the ANCOVA — related
- Descriptive gains show the experimental group's attitude change exceeded the control group's, and pretesting had no effect on the intervention — related
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