Effects of pre-instruction testing on untested but studied materials are highly inconsistent across experiments and materials¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · reviewr3·q2
Currency · newest study 2023 · checked against its sources 2026-10-13 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q2 i? Transfer benefits to untested presented materials appeared in only one of five similarly designed experiments in one study, while benefits for directly tested materials appeared in all experiments. → Steven C. Pan 2023
Evidence¶
Steven C. Pan 2023¶
Steven C. Pan, Shana K. Carpenter. (2023). Prequestioning and Pretesting Effects: a Review of Empirical Research, Theoretical Perspectives, and Implications for Educational Practice. Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09814-5
q2 · i? · review · r3
The review's synthesis of Richland et al. (2009) reports that untested-information benefits appeared in "one experiment but not in any of the other four similarly designed experiments", contrasting with benefits for tested content in all experiments.
"enhanced learning of untested information presented for study (i.e., available in the provided text passage) was observed in one experiment but not in any of the other four similarly designed experiments"
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Question prompts improve learning — the general claim this finding bears on, with the studies behind it
- Retrieval Practice Improves Transfer — related
- Transfer of test-enhanced learning is weakest to rearranged stimulus-response items, to untested materials seen during initial study, and to problems involving worked examples — related
- Pretesting enhances learning — related
- Social skills are positively related only to evidence elicitation quality, with inconsistent support across studies — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
pretesting-untested-materials-inconsistent |
title |
Effects of pre-instruction testing on untested but studied materials are highly inconsistent across experiments and materials |
description |
Effects of pre-instruction testing on untested but studied materials are highly inconsistent across experiments and materials |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
mixed |
newest_evidence |
2023 |
source_checked |
2026-10-13 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-13 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — steven-c-pan-2023 |
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