Failure of probation students is often attributed to factors other than intellectual ability¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associationalr?·q2
Currency · newest study 1924 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q2 i? Whipple applied intelligence tests to students on probation and concluded that other factors than intellectual ability were frequently the chief causes of failure. → Frank N. Freeman 1924
Evidence¶
Frank N. Freeman 1924¶
Frank N. Freeman. (1924). The Toronto Meeting of the Sections on Psychology and Education of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The Journal of Educational Psychology. https://psycnet.apa.org/search?q=Freeman%20Toronto%20Meeting%20Journal%20of%20Educational%20Psychology
q2 · i? · associational · r?
Meeting report of Whipple's study applying intelligence tests to probation students at the University of Michigan; he concluded non-intellectual factors were frequently the chief causes of failure.
"Whipple applied the tests to students on probation and concluded that other factors than intellectual ability were frequently the chief causes of failure."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Moral factors were judged roughly four times as often as intellectual incapacity as the cause of laggards' failure — related
- High school principals most frequently cited social distractions and fraternity life among environmental causes of their graduates' college failure — related
- Fraternity men had a worse laggard record than non-fraternity men at Minnesota, while sorority women did better than non-sorority women — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
probation-failure-factors-beyond-intellectual-ability |
title |
Failure of probation students is often attributed to factors other than intellectual ability |
description |
Failure of probation students is often attributed to factors other than intellectual ability |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
weak |
newest_evidence |
1924 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-24 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — frank-n-freeman-1924 |
Frontmatter is the page's machine-readable record — see the Schema & Guide.