Reading Recovery has potentially positive effects on reading fluency, from a single randomized trial¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · reviewr3·q3·i3large
Currency · newest study 2013 · checked against its sources 2026-10-20 (automated, 2 of 2 entries) · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i3 One RCT found statistically significant positive effects of Reading Recovery on oral reading and text reading level measures, with a WWC domain average effect size of 1.71 and an improvement index of +46 percentile points. → Reading Recovery® 2013
Evidence¶
Reading Recovery® 2013¶
Reading Recovery®. (2013). What Works Clearinghouse Intervention Report, Beginning Reading. Updated July 2013. http://www.readingrecovery.org
q3 · i3 · review · r3
A single randomized controlled trial (Schwartz 2005, 74 students) reported positive and statistically significant effects on the Slosson Oral Reading Test–Revised and the Text Reading Level subtest; Table 1 reports an improvement index of "+46" (range +32 to +49). The appendix prints effect sizes of 0.93 on the Slosson test and 2.49 on Text Reading Level (a Cox index from a logged odds ratio), a domain average of 1.71.
"Schwartz (2005) found, and the WWC confirmed, positive and statistically significant effects of Reading Recovery® on the Slosson Oral Reading Test–Revised and the Text Reading Level subtest of the Observation Survey of Early Literacy Achievement."
Reading Recovery® 2013 (2)¶
Reading Recovery®. (2013). What Works Clearinghouse Intervention Report, Beginning Reading. Updated July 2013. http://www.readingrecovery.org
q3 · i? · review · r3
Table 1 reports a "Potentially positive effects" rating for reading fluency based on one study of 74 students, with a small extent of evidence; no standardized effect size is printed.
"Reading fluency Potentially positive effects +46 +32 to +49 1 74 Small"
Discussion¶
Learner Variables¶
- Reading Fluency — outcome: instruction changes it
Related Claims¶
- Reading Recovery positively impacts grade 1 literacy achievement immediately after the intervention, with moderate evidence from one randomized controlled trial — related
- Reading Recovery has positive effects on general reading achievement for beginning readers, based on three randomized controlled trials — related
- Reading Recovery has potentially positive effects on comprehension, with mixed findings across two trials — related
- Reading Recovery has potentially positive effects on alphabetics for beginning readers — related
- SpellRead™ has potentially positive effects on reading fluency, with an average improvement index of +9 percentile points — related
- Reading Recovery shows strong ESSA evidence of positive effects on general literacy achievement and moderate evidence on academic dispositions for grade 1 students — related
- Reading Recovery shows an average effect size of +0.43 across four qualifying studies, earning a Strong evidence rating — related
- Reading Recovery shows uncertain effects on general academic achievement ten years after the intervention — related
- Failure Free Reading shows no discernible effects on reading fluency — related
- Across two randomized studies, Air Reading shows a weighted average effect size of +0.20 on reading achievement, meeting the Strong standard — related
- Literacy First shows strong ESSA evidence of positive effects in phonics and related alphabetics, reading fluency, and reading comprehension for grades K–2 — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
reading-recovery-potentially-positive-reading-fluency |
title |
Reading Recovery has potentially positive effects on reading fluency, from a single randomized trial |
description |
Reading Recovery has potentially positive effects on reading fluency, from a single randomized trial |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
weak |
newest_evidence |
2013 |
source_checked |
2026-10-20 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-07 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
2 — reading-recovery-2013, reading-recovery-2013-2 |
Frontmatter is the page's machine-readable record — see the Schema & Guide.