Explicit reduced-forms instruction increases EFL learners' ability to produce reduced forms in their own speech, while regular instruction alone does not¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · causal r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2014 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? The experimental group improved significantly on a reduced-forms production post-test (p = .000) whereas the control group did not (p = .161). → Mohammad Saber Khaghaninezhad & Ghasem Jafarzadeh 2014 q2 i? On the between-group production post-test comparison, the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group (p = 0.000). → Mohammad Saber Khaghaninezhad & Ghasem Jafarzadeh 2014 (2)

Evidence¶

Mohammad Saber Khaghaninezhad & Ghasem Jafarzadeh 2014¶

Mohammad Saber Khaghaninezhad & Ghasem Jafarzadeh. (2014). Investigating the Effect of Reduced Forms Instruction on EFL Learners' Listening and Speaking Abilities. English Language Teaching, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v7n1p159

q2 · i? · causal · r2

Paired-samples t-test on a two-minute recorded speaking task scored by the number of reduced forms produced; the experimental mean rose from 0.60 to 1.96. The control group's change from 0.68 to 0.72 was not significant (p = .161).

"Table 10 indicates that the experimental group made a significant improvement in the "reduced forms" production post-test (p= .000 < .05) which suggests the "reduced forms" instruction was effective in improving participants' "reduced forms" production."

Mohammad Saber Khaghaninezhad & Ghasem Jafarzadeh 2014 (2)¶

Mohammad Saber Khaghaninezhad & Ghasem Jafarzadeh. (2014). Investigating the Effect of Reduced Forms Instruction on EFL Learners' Listening and Speaking Abilities. English Language Teaching, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v7n1p159

q2 · i? · causal · r2

Independent-samples t-test comparing both groups (25 each) on the production post-test; experimental mean 1.96 versus control mean 0.72. The article concludes reduced-forms practice increased learners' ability to produce reduced forms in daily conversations.

"A third independent-samples t-test depicted that there was statistically significant difference between these two group's performances in the "reduced forms" production post-test (p = 0.000 < .05)."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Explicit reduced-forms instruction improves Iranian EFL learners' overall listening comprehension more than regular listening instruction alone — a broader claim this one bears on
• Explicit reduced-forms instruction increases EFL learners' ability to recognize reduced forms in spoken language, while regular instruction alone does not — related
• Both instructed and regular listening classes produce significant within-group gains in general listening comprehension over a 10-week course — related