Reading refutation texts (standard, positive, or negative) yields significantly higher combined True/False-plus-explanation scores than non-refutation texts¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr2·q3
Currency · newest study 2025 · checked against its sources 2026-10-27 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? Participants who read any refutation text attained significantly higher overall (postCombine) scores than those who read non-refutation texts. → Jheng 2025
Evidence¶
Jheng 2025¶
Jheng, Y.-L., Catrysse, L., Van de Cruys, S., Kendeou, P., Poels, K. & Gijbels, D. (2025). Investigating epistemic emotions experienced while reading refutation texts through a fine-grained measure of emotion. npj Science of Learning 10, 30. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00324-3
q3 · i? · causal · r2
Same preregistered online experiment (56 adults, mixed-effects models with Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc comparisons): all three refutation conditions "attained significantly higher overall scores" than non-refutation texts on the combined metric.
"In terms of thepostCombine, participants who read standard refutation texts (b = 1.15,p < 0.001), positive refutation ( b = 0.82, p = 0.02), and negative refutation texts (b = 0.81, p = 0.02) attained significantly higher overall scores compared to those who read non-refutation texts."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Reading standard, positive, or negative refutation texts yields significantly higher open-ended explanation scores than reading non-refutation texts in adults — related
- Refutation text type shows no significant effect on binary True/False posttest scores — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
refutation-texts-combined-score-advantage |
title |
Reading refutation texts (standard, positive, or negative) yields significantly higher combined True/False-plus-explanation scores than non-refutation texts |
description |
Reading refutation texts (standard, positive, or negative) yields significantly higher combined True/False-plus-explanation scores than non-refutation texts |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2025 |
source_checked |
2026-10-27 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-27 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — jheng-2025 |
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