Across the full sample, individual differences in response-time reductions were best explained by a model combining relational thinking, relational integration, and visual search changes, with relational thinking the strongest single predictor¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (3 entries) · causal r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2018 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Design limits · Belén C. Guerra-Carrillo and Silvia A. Bunge 2018 (2): no comparison group (read from the study by two models, 2026-10-26)

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Relational thinking change accounted for ~23% of the variance in RT reductions (β = 0.72), with strong Bayesian evidence. → Belén C. Guerra-Carrillo and Silvia A. Bunge 2018 q3 i? The three-metric model (relational integration, relational thinking, visual search) accounted for ~35% of the variance in RT reduction and received the strongest evidence. → Belén C. Guerra-Carrillo and Silvia A. Bunge 2018 (2) q3 i? There was no evidence in favor of relational integration alone as a predictor of RT change. → Belén C. Guerra-Carrillo and Silvia A. Bunge 2018 (3)

Evidence¶

Belén C. Guerra-Carrillo and Silvia A. Bunge 2018¶

Belén C. Guerra-Carrillo and Silvia A. Bunge. (2018). Eye gaze patterns reveal how reasoning skills improve with experience. npj Science of Learning 3:18. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-018-0035-8

q3 · i? · causal · r?

Bayesian regression across the full sample with LSAT group as a nuisance variable and RT change as the dependent variable; the article reports "β = 0.72" and ~23% of variance explained by the relational thinking metric. No standardized effect size is printed, so impact is null.

"there was strong evidence in favor of relational thinking (BF10 ≈ 20.11 ± 1.70%), which accounted for ~23% of the variance in RT reductions (β = 0.72)"

Belén C. Guerra-Carrillo and Silvia A. Bunge 2018 (2)¶

Belén C. Guerra-Carrillo and Silvia A. Bunge. (2018). Eye gaze patterns reveal how reasoning skills improve with experience. npj Science of Learning 3:18. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-018-0035-8

q3 · i? · causal · r2

Bayesian regression comparing models with one or more scaled gaze metrics as predictors; the three-predictor model received BF10 ≈ 27.75 and accounted for ~35% of the variance in RT reduction.

"We found the strongest evidence in favor of a model that included changes in relational integration, relational thinking, and visual search as predictors of change in RTs (BF 10 ≈ 27.75 ± 0.85%). Together, these metrics accounted for ~35% of the variance in RT reduction"

Belén C. Guerra-Carrillo and Silvia A. Bunge 2018 (3)¶

Belén C. Guerra-Carrillo and Silvia A. Bunge. (2018). Eye gaze patterns reveal how reasoning skills improve with experience. npj Science of Learning 3:18. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-018-0035-8

q3 · i? · causal · r2

Simpler Bayesian models testing individual gaze predictors; visual search received mild evidence (R2 = 0.14, β = 0.25) while relational integration alone received no evidence (BF10 ≈ 0.53).

"there was mild evidence for visual search (BF 10 ≈ 2.83 ± 0.79%, R2 = 0.14, β = 0.25) and no evidence in favor of the more speci fic measure of relational integration (BF 10 ≈ 0.53 ± 1.52%)"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Reasoning instruction produced a larger improvement than reading comprehension instruction in the ocular metric of relational thinking on the transitive inference task — related
• Neural change during spatial scanning predicts verbal reasoning transfer better than traditional performance-based assessments, and best prediction combines both — related
• Previous domain knowledge accounts for most of the variance in later achievement, considerably reducing the predictive impact of IQ and WM — related
• Changes in visual search efficiency on the transitive inference task were attributable to test–retest effects rather than reasoning instruction — related