In spaced practice with post-feedback memory ratings, restudied Swahili–English pairs were recalled better than covertly or overtly retrieved pairs on a delayed final cued-recall test.¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · causal r3 · q3 · i2 medium
Currency · newest study 2023 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i2 Covertly retrieved pairs were recalled worse than restudied pairs (dz = 0.49). → Higham 2023 q3 i2 Overtly retrieved pairs were also recalled worse than restudied pairs (dz = 0.41, exploratory test). → Higham 2023 (2)

Evidence¶

Higham 2023¶

Higham, P. A., Fastrich, G. M., Potts, R., Murayama, K., Pickering, J. S., & Hadwin, J. A. (2023). Spaced Retrieval Practice: Can Restudying Trump Retrieval? Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09809-2

q3 · i2 · causal · r3

Planned Holm-corrected t-test in Experiment 1 (n = 259 after exclusions) comparing final cued recall of restudied versus covertly retrieved pairs. The printed effect size was dz = 0.49, favoring restudy, whose mean was "M = 0.74, SD = 0.26".

"Nor were covertly retrieved pairs better recalled than restudied pairs (M = 0.74, SD = 0.26). In fact, a t-test showed that there was a significant difference in the opposite direction, t(258) = 7.86, p < 0.001, dz = 0.49"

Higham 2023 (2)¶

Higham, P. A., Fastrich, G. M., Potts, R., Murayama, K., Pickering, J. S., & Hadwin, J. A. (2023). Spaced Retrieval Practice: Can Restudying Trump Retrieval? Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09809-2

q3 · i2 · causal · r3

Exploratory corrected t-test in the same Experiment 1 sample (n = 259), with printed effect size dz = 0.41, showing "restudied pairs were also better recalled than overtly retrieved pairs". Restudy superiority held for both retrieval formats.

"An additional exploratory sequentially rejective Bonferroni corrected t-test showed that restudied pairs were also better recalled than overtly retrieved pairs, t(258) = 6.61, p < 0.001, dz = 0.41"

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Long-Term Memory — outcome: instruction changes it

Related Claims¶

• Response format (overt vs. covert retrieval) did not affect final cued recall in spaced retrieval practice, and list structure (blocked vs. random; proportion of overt trials) did not moderate the effect. — related
• The memory rating requirement moderated the restudy-versus-retrieval pattern: interference on retrieval trials and facilitation on restudy trials both contributed to the restudy superiority. — possibly the same claim (merge candidate)
• Retrieval practice improves long-term retention — related