Retrieval practice mostly increases susceptibility to misinformation (retrieval-enhanced suggestibility)¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · reviewr3·q3
Currency · newest study 2025 · checked against its sources 2026-10-22 (automated, 2 of 2 entries) · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? Across most reviewed studies, taking a practice test increased participants' susceptibility to misinformation (RES), even though testing benefited memory for non-contradicted control items. → Rau 2025
q3 i? Boundary conditions exist: verbatim and criterion testing reduced suggestibility, whereas gist testing produced an RES effect. → Rau 2025 (2)
Evidence¶
Rau 2025¶
Rau, M. A., & Premo, A. E. (2025). Systematic Review of Educational Approaches to Misinformation. Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-025-10012-8
q3 · i? · review · r3
The review's narrative synthesis of 19 of the 40 misinformation-effect articles examining retrieval practice reports that "taking a practice test increased participants' susceptibility to misinformation (known as retrieval-enhanced suggestibility, RES)", while participants showed better memory for control items that had not been contradicted.
"The results of most articles point towards negative effects of retrieval practice; that is, taking a practice test increased participants' susceptibility to misinformation (known as retrieval-enhanced suggestibility, RES)."
Rau 2025 (2)¶
Rau, M. A., & Premo, A. E. (2025). Systematic Review of Educational Approaches to Misinformation. Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-025-10012-8
q3 · i? · review · r3
The review reports boundary conditions of RES related to the nature of the practice test: "verbatim testing reduced suggestibility, hence showing a protective effect of testing", and criterion-testing reduced susceptibility compared to one-trial tests in studies with pre-school children.
"Pansky and Tenenboim (2011) found an RES effect for gist testing, verbatim testing reduced suggestibility, hence showing a protective effect of testing."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- General pre-warnings mostly show null effects, but monitoring with susceptibility feedback reduces susceptibility — related
- Taking initial multiple-choice tests without feedback can lead students to later produce the incorrect lure answers they selected, even when an overall retrieval practice benefit occurs — related
- Feedback on a multiple-choice test sharply reduces lure intrusions on a later cued recall test, with immediate and delayed schedules equally effective — related
- Multiple-choice testing increases the later production of multiple-choice lures as answers on cued recall tests, even under warning against guessing — related
- Explicit attention-focusing and discrepancy-detection interventions largely reduce susceptibility; mindfulness interventions do not — related
- Providing feedback after initial multiple-choice tests cut lure intrusions on final short-answer tests roughly in half, with immediate and delayed feedback equally effective — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
retrieval-practice-increases-misinformation-susceptibility |
title |
Retrieval practice mostly increases susceptibility to misinformation (retrieval-enhanced suggestibility) |
description |
Retrieval practice mostly increases susceptibility to misinformation (retrieval-enhanced suggestibility) |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2025 |
source_checked |
2026-10-22 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-22 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
2 — rau-2025, rau-2025-2 |
Frontmatter is the page's machine-readable record — see the Schema & Guide.