All included studies were rated as having some concerns regarding overall risk of bias, primarily due to absence of preregistered analysis plans¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · quant-synthesisr2·q2
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q2 i? All nine studies were classified as having some concerns regarding overall risk of bias under the Cochrane RoB2 tool. → Ellinor Waaland 2026
Evidence¶
Ellinor Waaland 2026¶
Ellinor Waaland, Vibeke Rønneberg, Dieuwer ten Braak. (2026). Effects and Characteristics of Mathematics Interventions for Students with Co-Occurring Difficulties in Mathematics and Reading: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-026-10184-x
q2 · i? · quant-synthesis · r2
Risk-of-bias assessment of all included RCTs using the revised Cochrane RoB2 online tool (cluster and individually randomized versions), with all outcomes double-coded and discrepancies resolved through discussion. Results are reported at study level and presented in Fig. 3.
"In all studies, concerns were raised in the domain of selecting the reported results due to the absence of a preregistered analysis plan. As a result, all studies were classified as having some concerns regarding their overall risk of bias."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Mind-set interventions show weak overall effects on achievement, with some support that low-SES or academically at-risk students might benefit — related
- Growth-mindset interventions have weak average effects on achievement, including a negligible GPA gain (d = 0.11) for lower-achieving US ninth-graders in one preregistered national trial — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
risk-of-bias-some-concerns-included-studies |
title |
All included studies were rated as having some concerns regarding overall risk of bias, primarily due to absence of preregistered analysis plans |
description |
All included studies were rated as having some concerns regarding overall risk of bias, primarily due to absence of preregistered analysis plans |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
weak |
newest_evidence |
2026 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-22 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — ellinor-waaland-2026 |
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