Study quality (risk of bias) and publication year do not moderate the attitude–proficiency association¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · quant-synthesis r3 · q3
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Risk of bias showed a non-significant slope (β = 0.0002, p = .985), and publication year was non-significant (β = −0.001, p = .789), refuting the Proteus-effect hypothesis for this literature. → Maria Adelina Ianos 2026

Evidence¶

Maria Adelina Ianos 2026¶

Maria Adelina Ianos, Andrei Rusu, Ramona Paloş, Cristina Petreñas, Clara Sansó. (2026). Linking Language Attitudes to Proficiency Across Learning Contexts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Correlational Evidence. Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-026-10193-w

q3 · i? · quant-synthesis · r3

Two continuous moderator meta-regressions in the three-level model: risk of bias (range 1–8, Δr = .002 across the full range) and publication year (1988–2025, Δr = −.032 over 37 years), both non-significant in three-level and RVE analyses.

"These null results indicate that higher methodological quality was not associated with smaller (or larger) effect sizes, and that studies at different points on the quality spectrum converged on similar estimates."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• The effect of cooperative learning did not differ statistically by teaching style, outcome type, publication quality, bias status, or report type — related