Children with specific reading comprehension difficulties show substantially poorer reading comprehension than vocabulary relative to typical readers¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · associational r3 · q3 · i3 large
Currency · newest study 2019 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i3 Children with SCD performed substantially poorer on reading comprehension than typical readers (d = −2.49 and d = −3.43) and also had weaker vocabulary (d = −1.56 and d = −2.03), but the vocabulary weakness was less severe than the reading comprehension difficulty. → Spencer 2019 q3 i? Within-group, children with SCD attained reading comprehension scores lower than their own vocabulary scores (mean z-score difference = −0.40 and −0.73), the reverse of typical readers. → Spencer 2019 (2)

Evidence¶

Spencer 2019¶

Spencer, M., Wagner, R. K., & Petscher, Y. (2019). The Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary Knowledge of Children with Poor Reading Comprehension despite Adequate Decoding: Evidence from a Regression-Based Matching Approach. Journal of Educational Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000274

q3 · i3 · associational · r3

Between-group effect size comparison in the Results section of the statewide cohort study of second graders. Children with SCD performed "substantially poorer on reading comprehension" than typical readers with large printed effect sizes under both classification criteria.

"Compared to typical readers, children with SCD performed substantially poorer on reading comprehension regardless of whether groups were formed based on the 25th and 40th percentiles or were formed based on the 5th and 40th percentiles (d = −2.49 and d = −3.43, respectively)."

Spencer 2019 (2)¶

Spencer, M., Wagner, R. K., & Petscher, Y. (2019). The Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary Knowledge of Children with Poor Reading Comprehension despite Adequate Decoding: Evidence from a Regression-Based Matching Approach. Journal of Educational Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000274

q3 · i? · associational · r3

Within-group comparison in the Results section using cohort-based z-scores of SAT-10 and PPVT. Children with SCD showed reading comprehension "lower than their vocabulary scores" (z difference −0.40; −0.73 under the stringent criterion), opposite the typical-reader pattern (+0.10).

"children with SCD attained mean scores in reading comprehension that were lower than their vocabulary scores when based on the 25th and 40th percentiles (mean z-score difference = −0.40)"

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Reading and Language — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes

Related Claims¶

• Most children with SCD have vocabulary weaknesses, with intact vocabulary being rare — related
• Study findings support multiplicative over additive versions of the Simple View for children with SCD — related
• The pattern of SCD weaknesses is consistent across identification criteria, but criteria identify widely differing proportions of children — related
• The vocabulary weakness of children with SCD is best characterized as a developmental delay rather than a developmental deficit — related