School exclusionary policies paradoxically worsen dropout, delinquency, and achievement¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · review r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2019 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? School district policies emphasizing suspension and expulsion to address attendance problems lead paradoxically to more dropout, delinquency, academic lag, and juvenile justice involvement. → Kearney CA 2019

Evidence¶

Kearney CA 2019¶

Kearney CA, Gonzálvez C, Graczyk PA and Fornander MJ (2019) Reconciling Contemporary Approaches to School Attendance and School Absenteeism: Toward Promotion and Nimble Response, Global Policy Review and Implementation, and Future Adaptability (Part 1). Front. Psychol. 10:2222. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02222

q2 · i? · review · r2

The review reports, citing Suh et al. (2007), Stone and Stone (2011), and Monahan et al. (2014), that exclusionary policies backfire. Exclusion is also disproportionately assigned to low-income and diverse students. No effect sizes printed.

"school district policies that emphasize suspension and expulsion to address school attendance problems lead paradoxically to more dropout, delinquency, lag in academic achievement, and student involvement with the juvenile justice system"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Suspension is associated with long-term harms including higher risk of grade retention, dropout, and juvenile justice involvement — a broader claim this one bears on
• Exclusionary discipline is ineffective at improving school safety and harms both suspended students and their non-suspended peers — a broader claim this one bears on
• Exclusionary discipline harms students and disproportionately affects students of color, so tracking suspension data can promote positive interventions — related
• Shifting to restorative practices reduced exclusionary discipline and its racial disparities while improving climate and achievement — related
• Environmentally focused interventions appear to be particularly effective for reducing delinquency and drug use — related
• SEL programs cannot produce meaningful long-term growth in authoritarian, punitive, or exclusionary environments; restorative practices are needed — related
• School-based prevention practices appear effective in reducing alcohol and drug use, dropout and nonattendance, and other conduct problems, with small average effects and considerable heterogeneity across studies — related
• Schools implementing restorative justice report decreases in exclusionary discipline such as suspensions and expulsions — related
• Experts report reduced suspensions and expulsions and improved school climate as RJ implementation successes — related