SEM effectiveness is largest for secondary students, non-significant for elementary students¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (3 entries) · quant-synthesis r2–r3 · q3 · i1–i3
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i3 SEM shows a large positive effect for secondary students (ES = 1.055). → Yao Gege 2025 q3 i? SEM shows no statistically significant effect for elementary students (P = 0.404). → Yao Gege 2025 (2) q3 i? SEM shows a small but significant effect for university students (ES = 0.174). → Yao Gege 2025 (3)

Evidence¶

Yao Gege 2025¶

Yao Gege, Zhang Junlong, Soh Kim Geok, Bai Xiaorong, Xiao Wensheng, Anuar Mohd Ashraff Mohd, Bao Lixia. (2025). Effective implementation of the Sport Education Model in physical education: A meta-analysis of participant and intervention characteristics. PLoS One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0331228

q3 · i3 · quant-synthesis · r3

Subgroup meta-analysis by learning stage. Secondary students showed "Effect size = 1.055" (95% CI 0.361–1.759, P = 0.003), a large significant effect, the strongest of the three stages.

"SEM demonstrated significant improvements for secondary (Effect size = 1.055; P = 0.003) and university (Effect size = 0.174; P = 0.042) students"

Yao Gege 2025 (2)¶

Yao Gege, Zhang Junlong, Soh Kim Geok, Bai Xiaorong, Xiao Wensheng, Anuar Mohd Ashraff Mohd, Bao Lixia. (2025). Effective implementation of the Sport Education Model in physical education: A meta-analysis of participant and intervention characteristics. PLoS One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0331228

q3 · i? · quant-synthesis · r3

Subgroup analysis for elementary-level studies found no statistically significant effect (P = 0.404, ES = −0.118); equivalence was not tested.

"SEM did not achieve statistical significance for physical education learning among elementary school students (P = 0.404)"

Yao Gege 2025 (3)¶

Yao Gege, Zhang Junlong, Soh Kim Geok, Bai Xiaorong, Xiao Wensheng, Anuar Mohd Ashraff Mohd, Bao Lixia. (2025). Effective implementation of the Sport Education Model in physical education: A meta-analysis of participant and intervention characteristics. PLoS One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0331228

q3 · i1 · quant-synthesis · r2

Subgroup analysis for university-level studies found a small but statistically significant effect (ES = 0.174, 95% CI 0.006–0.342, P = 0.042).

"its effect on university students was smaller (Effect size = 0.174, P = 0.042)"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• SEM effectiveness is greatest in small class sizes and non-significant in large classes — related
• SEM shows a small positive effect on cognitive outcomes and a moderate positive effect on non-cognitive outcomes — related
• The effect of computer-based teaching on academic success differs significantly by grade level, with the largest effect in secondary schools (ES = 1.31) and the smallest in primary schools (ES = .66) — related
• Testing effects hold in classrooms (g = 0.67) as in laboratories (g = 0.62), and are largest for secondary students (g = 0.83) — related
• SEM is effective for students without prior SEM experience — related