Female preschoolers showed significantly better ANS acuity than males at Session 5, and knower level increased significantly with age¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · associational r1–r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2016 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? ANCOVA showed ANS acuity was significantly better for females (M = 0.43) than males (M = 0.65) at S5 (F(2,37) = 4.27, p = .02), and only marginally so at S2 (p = .09). → Shusterman Anna 2016 q3 i? Children's knower level significantly increased with age (rs(41) = .55, p < .01 at S2; rs(38) = .51, p < .01 at S5). → Shusterman Anna 2016 (2)

Evidence¶

Shusterman Anna 2016¶

Shusterman Anna, Slusser Emily, Halberda Justin, Odic Darko. (2016). Acquisition of the Cardinal Principle Coincides with Improvement in Approximate Number System Acuity in Preschoolers. PLoS ONE 11(4): e0153072. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153072

q3 · i? · associational · r2

Secondary analysis with age as covariate in the cross-sectional sample; the S2 difference was marginal only. Age and sex were therefore controlled in subsequent analyses.

"ANS acuity at S2 was slightly better for females (n = 21, M = 0.48) than males (n = 17, M = 0.75) at S2 (F(2, 37) = 2.62, p = .09), and significantly better for females (n = 20, M = 0.43) than males (n = 18, M = 0.65) at S5 (F(2,37) = 4.27, p = .02)."

Shusterman Anna 2016 (2)¶

Shusterman Anna, Slusser Emily, Halberda Justin, Odic Darko. (2016). Acquisition of the Cardinal Principle Coincides with Improvement in Approximate Number System Acuity in Preschoolers. PLoS ONE 11(4): e0153072. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153072

q3 · i? · associational · r1

Spearman correlations in the cross-sectional samples replicating the known age trend in knower-level development; consistent with meta-analytic evidence the authors cite.

"we observed that children's knower level significantly increases with age, Spearman rank correlation, rs(41) = .55, p < .01 at S2 and rs(38) = .51, p < .01 at S5."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Gender — predictor: outcomes differ by group: a gap reflecting circumstances and treatment, not a cause

Related Claims¶

• Children's knower level of verbal number words is cross-sectionally associated with ANS acuity even after controlling for age and sex — related
• ANS acuity improves throughout development, from w = 0.525 at age 3 to w = 0.179 at age 6 and w = 0.108 in adulthood — related
• The Who Has More task showed moderate test-retest reliability (r = .46) in preschoolers, and the authors call for more stable ANS measures for this age — related
• ANS acuity (w) did not significantly improve within children over the six-month period in the session-level analysis, though a hierarchical linear model detected a linear increase in percent correct — related