Performance on final tests of learning is improved when multiple study sessions are spaced apart in time rather than massed in immediate succession¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · reviewr?·q2
Currency · newest study 2012 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q2 i? Spaced study sessions produce better final-test performance than massed study sessions. → Carpenter 2012
Evidence¶
Carpenter 2012¶
Carpenter, S.K., Cepeda, N.J., Rohrer, D., Kang, S.H.K., & Pashler, H. (2012). Using Spacing to Enhance Diverse Forms of Learning: Review of Recent Research and Implications for Instruction. Educational Psychology Review, 24, 369–378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-012-9205-z
q2 · i? · review · r?
The review reports, as an established finding of research on human learning, that "performance on final tests of learning is improved" when study sessions are "spaced" apart rather than massed. No effect size is printed in the available text.
"This research has shown that performance on final tests of learning is improved if multiple study sessions are separated—i.e., "spaced" apart—in time rather than massed in immediate succession."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Spaced retrieval practice produces better final retention than massed retrieval even though spacing lowers initial retrieval success, and more absolute spacing enhances long-term retention — related
- Spacing out retrieval practice produces better long-term retention than massing it — related
- Spaced Retrieval Improves Retention — related
- Learners Misjudge Spacing Benefits — related
- Spaced Practice Improves Retention — possibly the same claim (merge candidate)
- Distributed practice outperforms massed practice for long-term learning, with a possible foreign-language exception — possibly the same claim (merge candidate)
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
spacing-improves-final-test-performance |
title |
Performance on final tests of learning is improved when multiple study sessions are spaced apart in time rather than massed in immediate succession |
description |
Performance on final tests of learning is improved when multiple study sessions are spaced apart in time rather than massed in immediate succession |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2012 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-15 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — carpenter-2012 |
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