Students gaze at their teacher's face more often and with longer durations during high teacher communion during small-group problem solving¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · associational r1 · q2 · i1–i2
Currency · newest study 2021 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i2 Student gazes at teacher faces were associated with higher teacher communion, with longer gazes corresponding with higher communion (r = .292). → Haataja 2021 q2 i1 Across gaze categories, the occurrence of eye contact had a significant effect on teacher communion (η² = 0.029), with student gazes at teacher faces showing the highest mean communion. → Haataja 2021 (2)

Evidence¶

Haataja 2021¶

Haataja, E., Salonen, V., Laine, A., Toivanen, M., & Hannula, M. S. (2021). The Relation Between Teacher-Student Eye Contact and Teachers' Interpersonal Behavior During Group Work: a Multiple-Person Gaze-Tracking Case Study in Secondary Mathematics Education. Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-020-09538-w

q2 · i2 · associational · r1

In the mixed-methods case study of three Finnish ninth-grade mathematics lessons, Pearson correlations on synchronized gaze and joystick codings showed a positive correlation, the printed effect size being r = .292 (p < .001), i.e. "longer gazes corresponding with higher communion".

"The correlation between student gazes at teacher faces and teacher communion was positive, with longer gazes corresponding with higher communion ( r(502) = .292, p < .001)."

Haataja 2021 (2)¶

Haataja, E., Salonen, V., Laine, A., Toivanen, M., & Hannula, M. S. (2021). The Relation Between Teacher-Student Eye Contact and Teachers' Interpersonal Behavior During Group Work: a Multiple-Person Gaze-Tracking Case Study in Secondary Mathematics Education. Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-020-09538-w

q2 · i1 · associational · r1

Two-way within-subject ANOVA across the pooled gaze data of three teachers and 47 students found "a significant effect of eye contact on teacher communion" with printed effect size η² = 0.029; post hoc tests showed student gazes at teacher faces had the highest communion mean.

"ANOVA on teacher communion as a dependent variable and the occurrence of gaze targets as independent variable yielded a significant effect of eye contact on teacher communion (F(3, 1658) = 16.8, p <. 0 0 1 ,η2 = 0.029)."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Teachers and students use gaze to express agency and communion during classroom problem-solving — a broader claim this one bears on
• Student-started eye contacts occur when teacher agency is low, and their durations increase as teacher agency decreases — related
• The relation between eye contact and teacher interpersonal behavior differed between teachers: Joanne's agency effect was opposite and Lily's communion effect was non-significant — related
• Teacher gazes at student faces and teacher-started eye contacts occur during high teacher agency, and teacher-started eye contacts are shorter when agency is higher — related