TAP theory has received mixed empirical support as an account of the testing effect¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · quant-synthesis r? · q2
Currency · newest study 2014 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

Reading the evidence codes

q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.

This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.

q2 i? Empirical support for TAP theory is mixed: some studies fit its predictions while others produced results problematic for it. → Rowland 2014

Evidence¶

Rowland 2014¶

Rowland, C. A. (2014, August 25). The Effect of Testing Versus Restudy on Retention: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Testing Effect. Psychological Bulletin, 140(6), 1432–1463. doi:10.1037/a0037559

q2 · i? · quant-synthesis · r?

Narrative review of TAP evidence: the article reports compatible results (e.g., matching effects) but also that "a body of research has also produced results problematic for the theory", such as free recall initial testing yielding the best performance regardless of final test format.

"Despite such evidence that is compatible with TAP theory, a body of research has also produced results problematic for the theory."

Discussion¶

- The classroom testing effect transfers to mismatched test formats, but consistent quiz–exam formats yield a significantly larger effect (g = 0.531 vs. g = 0.399). — the general claim this finding bears on, with the studies behind it¶

Page metadata

Field	Value
`type`	`claim`
`id`	`tap-theory-mixed-empirical-support`
`title`	`TAP theory has received mixed empirical support as an account of the testing effect`
`description`	`TAP theory has received mixed empirical support as an account of the testing effect`
`status`	`review`
`evidence_strength`	`weak`
`newest_evidence`	`2014`
`generated`	by `process:wiki-ingest` on `2026-10-13`
`trust`	unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content
`sources`	1 — `rowland-2014`

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