Text difficulty moderates the effect of explaining modality: oral explaining outperforms written explaining on inference-based questions only for the high-difficult text¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r3 · q3
Currency · newest study 2019 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? For the high-difficult text, students who explained orally outperformed students who explained in written form on inference-based questions (d = 0.32). → Jacob 2019 q3 i? The learning activity × text difficulty interaction on inference-based questions was significant, F(2, 111) = 4.67, p = .011, η²p = .023. → Jacob 2019

Evidence¶

Jacob 2019¶

Jacob, L., Lachner, A., & Scheiter, K. (2019). Learning by Explaining Orally or In Written Form? Text Difficulty Matters. https://aspredicted.org/sv3zv.pdf

q3 · i? · causal · r3

Mixed factorial ANCOVA on inference-based questions with learning activity as between-students factor and text difficulty as within-students factor, controlling for prior knowledge. The article reports "a significant interaction between learning activity and text difficulty"; planned contrasts showed oral explaining outperformed written explaining, t(111) = 1.81, p = .037, d = 0.32.

"However, in line with our hypothesis, we found a significant interaction between learning activity and text difficulty, F(2, 111) = 4.67, p = .011, η²p = .023."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Inferencing — outcome: instruction changes it

Related Claims¶

• Generating explanations (oral or written) outperforms retrieval practice on inference-based questions for the high-difficult text — related
• For the low-difficult text, oral explaining, written explaining, and retrieval practice yield comparable learning outcomes — related
• The modality effect on inference-based questions is serially mediated by personal references and comprehensiveness of explanations — related
• Oral explanations contain more personal references and more concepts than written explanations, but not more elaborations — related