A three-factor, format-specific arithmetic measurement model (Triple Code Theory) fits third-graders' arithmetic data, while single-factor and two-factor models do not¶
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Evidence · 1 study · associationalr2·q2
Currency · newest study 2017 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
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q2 i? Among four theory-guided arithmetic-only confirmatory factor models, only the Triple Code Theory three-factor model was an approximate good fit for the data. → Rhodes Katherine T. 2017
Evidence¶
Rhodes Katherine T. 2017¶
Rhodes Katherine T., Branum-Martin Lee, Washington Julie A., Fuchs Lynn S. (2017). Measuring arithmetic: A psychometric approach to understanding formatting effects and domain specificity. Journal of Educational Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000189
q2 · i? · associational · r2
Confirmatory factor analysis of 11 arithmetic measures in N=1314 third-grade children compared four theory-guided arithmetic-only measurement models. The article reports the Triple Code three-factor model (visual Arabic, auditory verbal, analog magnitude) fit; the abstract-code, encoding-complex, and exact-versus-approximate two-factor models did not.
"Of these models, the Triple Code Theory model of arithmetic was an approximate good fit for the data, while the other three models of arithmetic measurement were not."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Third-graders' language-formatted, Arabic numeral-formatted, and estimation arithmetic outcomes are separable but highly related latent factors — related
- A post-hoc hybrid model combining Triple Code's three format-specific arithmetic factors with Encoding Complex's direct executive attention and language predictors fits best (CFI=.97) — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
triple-code-three-factor-arithmetic-model-fits |
title |
A three-factor, format-specific arithmetic measurement model (Triple Code Theory) fits third-graders' arithmetic data, while single-factor and two-factor models do not |
description |
A three-factor, format-specific arithmetic measurement model (Triple Code Theory) fits third-graders' arithmetic data, while single-factor and two-factor models do not |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2017 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-24 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — rhodes-katherine-t-2017 |
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