Subjective cognitive workload decreases across teleoperation training and lower workload is associated with higher performance¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · causal r1–r2 · q3 · i3 large
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? NASA-TLX workload decreased significantly across training blocks. → Yinqi Huang 2026 q3 i3 Within-subject NASA-TLX scores correlated negatively with performance (mean r = −0.504). → Yinqi Huang 2026 (2)

Evidence¶

Yinqi Huang 2026¶

Yinqi Huang, Yilin Cai, Mengyao Li, Yue Chen & Robert C. Wilson. (2026). Human learning dynamics during teleoperation of surgical robots. npj Science of Learning. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-026-00442-6

q3 · i? · causal · r2

NASA-TLX ratings collected at the end of each training block; "decreased consistently across blocks" with a significant Block effect, F(3, 92) = 6.20, p < 0.001. No effect size printed.

"Subjective workload, assessed by NASA-TLX, decreased consistently across blocks (Fig.3c). An LME with random subject intercepts confirmed a significant main effect of Block, Fð3; 92Þ¼ 6:20; p <0 :001;"

Yinqi Huang 2026 (2)¶

Yinqi Huang, Yilin Cai, Mengyao Li, Yue Chen & Robert C. Wilson. (2026). Human learning dynamics during teleoperation of surgical robots. npj Science of Learning. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-026-00442-6

q3 · i3 · causal · r1

Within-subject Pearson correlations between NASA-TLX and performance score across training blocks, one participant excluded for no variance. The printed mean within-subject correlation was r = −0.504 (SD = 0.447), significant against zero; |r| ≥ .37 corresponds to a large correlation.

"Across the remaining participants (N = 23), the mean within-subject correlation was /C22r ¼/C0 0:504; SD ¼ 0:447: A o n e - s a m p l et test against zero showed that the negative correlation was significant, tð22Þ¼/C0 5:405; p <0 :001;"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• A PCA-derived composite performance score improves reliably across the one-hour teleoperation training session — related
• Task errors (drops, collisions, collision duration) decrease significantly over teleoperation training and are retained — related
• Teleoperation trainees become more efficient over training, with reduced translational path length and faster trial durations retained at delayed testing — related
• Rotational path length does not reliably decrease over teleoperation training, suggesting continued exploration of joint-level strategies — related
• Teacher perceived workload did not differ significantly across conditions on any NASA-TLX subscale, though the experimental condition was descriptively lower on most subscales — related
• AI assistance reduces subjective mental effort across all tasks even when it does not reduce completion time, dissociating time and effort — related
• Personalized paths reduced self-reported cognitive load on all six adapted NASA-TLX dimensions with large effect sizes — related
• The AI+Robot condition is associated with lower perceived workload than AI-Only on effort, frustration, temporal demand, physical demand, and Raw TLX — related
• AR telestration lowers cognitive workload during surgical training as measured by validated instruments — related
• AR-assisted training reduces subjective workload (NASA-TLX) in novice learners — related
• Completion of a dVSS proficiency-based curriculum was associated with significant improvement in RO-SCORE across all domains and significant reduction in NASA-TLX workload — related