Written composition quality is best described as a single unidimensional construct across English and Spanish and across narrative and opinion genres for primary-grade dual language learners¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associationalr2·q3
Currency · newest study 2022 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? Among nine alternative models, the model with a unidimensional writing factor across languages and genres fit best (Model 3 vs Model 2: ΔnBIC = −8.74). → Kim Young-Suk Grace 2022
Evidence¶
Kim Young-Suk Grace 2022¶
Kim Young-Suk Grace, Wolters Alissa, Mercado Janet, & Quinn Jamie. (2022). Crosslinguistic Transfer of Higher Order Cognitive Skills and Their Roles in Writing for English-Spanish Dual Language Learners. Journal of Educational Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000516
q3 · i? · associational · r2
Confirmatory factor analysis of 317 Grade 1–2 dual language learners' writing quality ratings (TEWL-3 narrative and WIAT-3/adapted opinion prompts in English and Spanish) compared nine models. The article states writing "was best described as unidimensional across the languages and genres"; Model 3 showed ΔnBIC = −8.74 versus Model 2 and the writing factor was reliable (ω = .77).
"In other words, higher order cognitive skills were defined by a bifactor structure with a higher order cognitive general factor, and English and Spanish specific factors whereas writing was best described as unidimensional across the languages and genres."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- The higher order cognition general factor is fairly strongly related to writing quality (r = .59), and the relation remains after covariates and is similar across English immersion and dual immersion programs — related
- Third-grade narrative and expository writing quality are distinct but strongly related factors — reports the opposite
- In an empirical comparison on a testlet-based English assessment test, the bifactor model is preferred over the second-order and unidimensional 2PL models by both AIC and BIC — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
writing-unidimensional-across-languages-and-genres |
title |
Written composition quality is best described as a single unidimensional construct across English and Spanish and across narrative and opinion genres for primary-grade dual language learners |
description |
Written composition quality is best described as a single unidimensional construct across English and Spanish and across narrative and opinion genres for primary-grade dual language learners |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2022 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-24 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — kim-young-suk-grace-2022 |
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