Use a collaboration script structured by scientific-reasoning phases to prompt sharing, eliciting, and negotiating diagnostic information¶

Strategy · All strategies
Evidence · 2 claims (2 for) · 1 study (1 causal), q2 · 0 of 1 report an effect size · 2 claims rest on one study

Description¶

In the conditions with a collaboration script, the script structured interaction into three phases — discussion of information on (1) formulation of hypotheses, (2) experimentation, and (3) drawing conclusions — with on-screen instructions encouraging participants to "share relevant information", "ask for relevant information", and "discuss how their (potentially diverging) observations affect the collaborative diagnosis". The design targeted commonly observed collaboration problems such as sharing too little information. Participants decided when to proceed to the next script phase.

Design Implications¶

Context¶

Requirements¶

• Instructions presented on screen during collaborative diagnosis writing, after individual diagnoses are completed

Constraints¶

• Once participants decided to proceed, it was no longer possible to return to instructions for a previous phase; support was not provided in the test phase

Target Learners¶

• pre-service teachers with little collaboration experience

Target Learning Goals¶

• collaborative diagnostic activities (elicitation, sharing, negotiation) and joint diagnosis of scientific reasoning skills

Claims¶

• Pre-service teachers' collaborative diagnostic accuracy does not per se exceed individual diagnostic accuracy, but collaboration support can significantly enhance the added value of collaborative diagnosis [+W]
• Increased information sharing appears to be the reason collaboration support enhances the added value of collaborative diagnosis [+W]

Related Strategies¶

• Focus collaborative diagnosis on initially unshared information through a cycle of eliciting and sharing
• Target the development of collaborative diagnostic activities with adaptive collaboration scripts and group awareness tools

Examples¶

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Key Sources¶

• Amadeus J. Pickal, Katharina Engelmann, Clark A. Chinn, Birgit J. Neuhaus, Raimund Girwidz, Christof Wecker. (2026). Fostering the collaborative diagnosis of cross-domain skills in video-based simulations: An analysis of collaborative diagnostic activities. Intern. J. Comput.-Support. Collab. Learn. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11412-026-09494-7