A four-step process for examining beliefs: recognition, analysis, judgment, and evaluation¶

Strategy · All strategies
Evidence · no claims cited

Description¶

Apps offers an implementable procedure for refining common sense into a working philosophy. First the educator recognizes and classifies beliefs—including discovering zero-order beliefs never consciously held—then judges them by asking about their source and evidence, and finally evaluates whether they serve current needs. He asks, "do my beliefs adequately support my role asan adult educator ?" The strategy operationalizes the process dimension of philosophy as systematic thinking about one's own belief system.

Design Implications¶

Context¶

Requirements¶

• Recognition must come first: some beliefs, particularly zero-order beliefs, need to be discovered before they can be analyzed.

Constraints¶

• Recognition, review, and classification alone are not enough; beliefs held dogmatically or nonexistent in an area must also be identified.

Target Learners¶

• adult educators

Target Learning Goals¶

• refining common sense into a working philosophy

Related Strategies¶

Examples¶

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Key Sources¶

• Apps, Jerold W. (1973). Toward a Working Philosophy of Adult Education. Syracuse University Publications in Continuing Education / ERIC Clearinghouse on Adult Education. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED078229