Direct research effort toward measuring temperament and character factors, which operate largely independently of intelligence and may be more educable¶

Strategy · All strategies
Evidence · 1 claim (1 for) · 1 study (1 associational), q3 · 0 of 1 report an effect size · 1 claim rests on one study

Description¶

Pressey's second recommended research direction is a "courageous attack upon the problem of measurement of other than intellectual factors." He argues that "matters of temperament and character are of very great importance, that they operate quite largely independent of intelligence, that prognosis problems cannot be adequately understood without an evaluation of these factors," and that these factors are probably more educable than intellectual traits, making this field the priority for the next few years.

Design Implications¶

Context¶

Requirements¶

• New measurement methods for non-intellectual factors, since existing intelligence-testing machinery does not supply them

Constraints¶

• Pressey notes only some beginnings have already been made; the claim about educability is stated as probable, not demonstrated

Target Learners¶

• school children whose prognosis depends on more than intellectual ability

Target Learning Goals¶

• understanding and improving temperament and character in relation to educational prognosis

Claims¶

• Effortful control predicts social functioning, which predicts achievement, controlling for SES, age, and sex [+W]

Related Strategies¶

• Conduct a smaller sequence of rapid-cycle studies that build on one another instead of planning a single large confirmatory study

Examples¶

-

Key Sources¶

• Pressey, S. L. (1920). Intelligence and Its Measurement. The Journal of Educational Psychology. https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Intelligence+and+Its+Measurement+Pressey