Three-stage writing task: write with problem notes, compare to a model paragraph, then rewrite¶

Strategy · All strategies
Evidence · no claims cited

Description¶

The study's implementable protocol: in Stage 1 the learner writes a paragraph in response to an illustrated question while noting problems on a second sheet (e.g., "I do not know how to write X"); in Stage 2 he compares his text to a model paragraph and notes what he notices; in Stage 3 he rewrites the original text. Each stage took roughly 10 to 15 minutes and was repeated for three questions.

Design Implications¶

Context¶

Requirements¶

• Model paragraphs on the same topics
• Note-taking sheets and oral instructions for recording problems

Constraints¶

• The article states notetaking as a feedback tool "only facilitates resolution of lexical problems"

Target Learners¶

• Adult EFL learners

Target Learning Goals¶

• Paragraph writing; noticing lexical and grammatical gaps

Affordances¶

• Output Hypothesis Three Functions

Related Strategies¶

• Guide reading with targeted questions that direct attention to grammatical, lexical and structural features needed for the writing task

Examples¶

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Key Sources¶

• Sumayyah Qaed Alsulami. (2016). Testing the Noticing Function of the Output Hypothesis. English Language Teaching, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v9n2p136