Claims

3D + PBL improves operational scores in orthopedic education

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · quant-synthesis r2 · q2 · i3 large
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims

Reading the evidence codes

q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.

This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.

q2 i3 3D + PBL teaching yielded higher operational scores compared to LBL teaching (SMD = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.41–3.16, P < 0.00001). → Li Ting 2025

Evidence

Li Ting 2025

Li Ting, Hu Yidan, Song Ruohong, Liu Hangyu, Gao Xin, Wang Fei, Xiao Chengwei, Liu Xilin. (2025). Unveiling the ultimate advantage: a meta-analysis of 3D visualization and problem-based learning in orthopedic education. BMC Medical Education. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-06654-5

q2 · i3 · quant-synthesis · r2

Meta-analysis of nine RCTs (N = 565) with a random-effects model found "3D + PBL teaching yielded higher operational scores compared to LBL teaching". GRADE certainty was very low; significant heterogeneity was detected (I2 = 94%).

"The analysis indicated that 3D + PBL teaching yielded higher operational scores compared to LBL teaching (SMD = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.41–3.16, P < 0.00001; see Fig. 4)."

Discussion

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