Children's activity scores did not significantly differ between instructional conditions in the replication, failing to replicate the higher activity of contingently taught children in 1978¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r3 · q3
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Total number of child operations did not differ significantly across conditions. → Smit 2025

Evidence¶

Smit 2025¶

Smit, N., de Kleijn, R., Wicherts, J. M., & van de Pol, J. (2025). What it takes to tutor—A preregistered direct replication of the scaffolding experimental study by D. Wood et al. (1978). Journal of Educational Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000965

q3 · i? · causal · r3

Preregistered ANOVA on activity scores (total operations per child, aided and unaided, correct and incorrect) in the randomized replication; the article reports F(3, 281) = 1.18, p = .318 and "BF = 13.6". All planned contrasts were nonsignificant. Similar control-condition means across studies suggest comparable coding granularity.

"the number of child operations (activity scores) did not differ significantly between conditions, F(3, 281) = 1.18, p = .318, with the Bayes factor showing strong evidence in favor of the null hypothesis (BF = 13.6)"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• In the replication, children's posttest outcome scores did not significantly differ across the four instructional conditions, failing to replicate the contingent-instruction advantage of D. Wood et al. (1978) — related
• Efficiency scores showed no overall condition difference in the replication, though children in the demonstration condition were less efficient than children in the swing and verbal conditions — related
• Posttest performance of the replication's contingent condition was far below the original study's contingent condition, a large unregistered difference not seen for the three control conditions — related
• Average instruction time differed significantly between conditions, with demonstration by far the shortest, replicating the original study's durations — related