Older two- and three-year-olds have lower odds of failing delay-of-gratification tasks¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2019 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Age was the only significant preliminary predictor of task success, with older children having lower odds of failing both tasks. → Mulder 2019

Evidence¶

Mulder 2019¶

Mulder, H., van Ravenswaaij, H., Verhagen, J., Moerbeek, M., & Leseman, P. P. M. (2019). The process of early self-control: an observational study in two- and three-year-olds. Metacognition and Learning, 14, 239–264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-019-09199-3

q3 · i? · associational · r2

Preliminary logistic regression of snack delay performance on age, gender, chair height, and caregiver presence (χ2(4) = 20.4, p < .001); age was the only significant predictor. For gift delay (χ2(4) = 13.8, p = .017), age was again the only significant predictor (B = −0.17, p = .012).

"Age was the only significant predictor, as older children had lower odds of failing the task (B =−0.24; SE =0.12; p < .001; 95% CI of B = −0.54 to −0.14)."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Self-distraction and avoidance behaviours occur in nearly all successful toddlers but in a minority of unsuccessful ones
• Actively withholding the hands from the reward predicts success on delay-of-gratification tasks in two- and three-year-olds
• Successful two- and three-year-olds initiate distraction and withholding behaviours very early, within the first 10 seconds of delay on average
• Percentage of time distracting visual attention away from the reward predicts success on delay-of-gratification tasks in two- and three-year-olds
• Teacher-rated, but not parent-rated, self-control relates to the occurrence and timing of delay behaviours in toddlers
• Children's wait-times on sustained delay-of-gratification tasks reflect beliefs about environmental reliability in addition to self-control capacity — related