Older adults show greater distractibility than younger adults during episodic retrieval of long-term memory details¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · review r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2014 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? A distraction index (SHUT correct minus VD correct) was significantly greater for older than younger adults. → Wais 2014 q3 i? Conditional correct scores showed main effects of age and condition plus an age × condition interaction, with aging-related decline specific to the distractor condition. → Wais 2014 (2)

Evidence¶

Wais 2014¶

Wais, P. E., and Gazzaley, A. (2014). Distractibility during retrieval of long-term memory: domain-general interference, neural networks and increased susceptibility in normal aging. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00280

q3 · i? · review · r2

Older adults completed the same visual distraction paradigm after a neuropsychological battery; a distraction index (SHUT correct — VD correct) compared groups. "greater distractibility in the older adults than the younger adults"; no effect size printed.

"An independent samples test of the distraction index, assuming unequal variances, revealed greater distractibility in the older adults than the younger adults (Figure 2C)."

Wais 2014 (2)¶

Wais, P. E., and Gazzaley, A. (2014). Distractibility during retrieval of long-term memory: domain-general interference, neural networks and increased susceptibility in normal aging. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00280

q3 · i? · review · r2

Mixed-design ANOVA on conditional correct scores in the older-adult study; between-group tests showed aging-related decline in VD with only trends in SHUT and GRAY. "an interaction of age and condition"; no effect size printed.

"A mixed-design ANOV A (younger/older× SHUT/GRA Y/VD) compared conditional correct scores [i.e., for targets, p(Correct)/(1-p(Forgotten)] and revealed a main effects of age and of condition, as well as an interaction of age and condition."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Attention — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes

Related Claims¶

• Visual distraction impairs categorization in older adults but not younger adults, who perform equivalently without distraction — related
• Irrelevant visual stimuli present during a memory test diminish the fidelity of episodic details retrieved from long-term memory in younger adults — related
• Visual distraction disrupts functional connectivity in a left hippocampus-VLPFC-LOC network that supports episodic retrieval via visual imagery — related
• Perturbing left VLPFC with rTMS exacerbates the disruptive effect of visual distraction on episodic retrieval, indicating a causal role in resolving interference — related
• Auditory distraction disrupts episodic retrieval equivalently to visual distraction, indicating a domain-general interference effect in long-term memory — related
• Older adults show performance decrements in divided-attention visual localization tasks, exacerbated by distractors and greater eccentricity, despite intact central-task performance — related
• Distraction during maintenance impairs working memory, with distractor processing inversely related to recognition accuracy — related