Any AI writing support decreases feelings of ownership compared to no AI support, with ownership following a gradient by stage (highest with no AI, then planning, revision, and AI-generated draft lowest).¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 2 studies · 2 causal r2 · q3
Currency · no dated study recorded · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Introducing any AI support significantly lowered ownership relative to no AI support (+1.36 Likert points, p<.001). → c1-contrast q3 i? Ownership followed a stage gradient: no ai highest (6.74), ai plan 6.30, ai revision 5.57, ai draft lowest (4.29). → ownership-means

Evidence¶

c1-contrast¶

Katy Ilonka Gero, Tao Long, Carly Schnitzler, and Paramveer S. Dhillon. 2026. From Planning to Revision: How AI Writing Support at Different Stages Alters Ownership. In Designing Interactive Systems Conference (DIS '26), June 13–17, 2026, Singapore, Singapore. ACM, New York, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.1145/3800645.3813003

q3 · i? · causal · r2

Pre-planned contrast C1 from a between-subjects experiment (n=253, four conditions) on the 7-point ownership item own_primary, using prompt-adjusted means and robust standard errors. The contrast showed "no AI support had significantly higher ownership than when any AI assistance is introduced." No standardized effect size was printed.

"The contrastC1(no-aivs. the average of all AI stages) was +1.36Lik-ert points (𝑝<. 001), indicating no AI support had significantly higher ownership than when any AI assistance is introduced."

ownership-means¶

Katy Ilonka Gero, Tao Long, Carly Schnitzler, and Paramveer S. Dhillon. 2026. From Planning to Revision: How AI Writing Support at Different Stages Alters Ownership. In Designing Interactive Systems Conference (DIS '26), June 13–17, 2026, Singapore, Singapore. ACM, New York, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.1145/3800645.3813003

q3 · i? · causal · r2

Prompt-adjusted condition means on the 1–7 ownership scale from the same experiment: "ai plan remained relatively high (6.30), ai revision was lower (5.57), and ai draft was lowest (4.29)"; no ai was highest at 6.74. Means are descriptive; only the contrast tests were inferential.

"Ownership decreased with AI assistance and followed a clear gradient by stage: ai plan remained relatively high (6.30), ai revision was lower (5.57), and ai draft was lowest (4.29)."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• AI severs the correlation between artefact quality and cognitive engagement, breaking the artefact-as-proxy for learning — the general claim this finding bears on, with the studies behind it
• Essay quality was highest for AI-generated drafts and lowest with no AI, negatively correlated with ownership, suggesting an ownership-quality tradeoff. — related
• AI support during drafting lowers ownership substantially more than support during planning or revision, and planning support preserves more ownership than revision support. — possibly the same claim (merge candidate)
• AI support shifts perceived attribution of ideas and text toward the AI, most strongly for AI-generated drafts, and an AI draft based on the writer's own outline contributed more ideas than expected (27%). — related
• Planning-stage AI ideas were often redundant with or rejected in favor of writers' own ideas: idea attribution was 17.8% among users versus 2.9% among non-users, but ownership did not differ between users and non-users within ai plan. — related
• Prototype generation is the only GenAI activity significantly associated with perceived loss of creativity or ownership — reports the opposite
• ChatGPT-assisted students reported substantially lower ownership of their submitted code across self-attributed ownership, psychological ownership, and authorship attribution — related